Classical Conditioning What is Classical Conditioning? Classical Conditioning was discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. According to him, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. When a neutral stimulus is placed in front of the subject, it gives no response. But when it is paired with an environmental stimulus, the subject responds. Ivan Pavlov's Example of a Dog Let's take a basic example of a dog as shown in the picture above. At first, when we show a food item to the dog, he starts salivating, but when we show him a bell, he doesn't respond. When we pair the food item with the bell i.e. when we condition him, he starts salivating and when we show him the bell again, he responds with salivation again. Here, Dog = Subject, Bell = Neutral Stimulus Food = Environmental Stimulus Response (of bell) prior to Conditioning = Unconditioned Response. Response after...
What is Affordance? (In Interaction Design) Interaction design is all about how users interact with the products. Digital affordance plays a crucial role in designing products that interact well. Affordance can be understood as the relationship between a user and any product (here, digital). It is the probability of action that depends upon the past experiences and capabilities of the users, characteristics of the product. In simpler language, affordance is what a user can do with a product. Let's take an example from our surroundings. When we see a door handle, what is the first thing that comes to our mind? That we can use it to open or close the door. There are possibilities of action because of our capabilities, past experiences (we all have opened many doors before, right?), and the characteristic s of the h andle. Thus, this is affordance. But wait, can an infant open a door? No, right? Because he does not have those capabilities or any past experiences. Thus, he cannot affo...